101. [Palestine Content] – [Luke, Harry Charles] Keith-Roach, Edward.

The Handbook Of Palestine And Trans-Jordan. With Introductions By Sir John Chancelor And The Right Hon. Sir Herbert Samuel.

Second Edition. [This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. London, Macmillan And Co., Ltd., 1930. 19 cm x 13 cm. Frontispiece, XVI, 505 pages, (28) pages. Original Hardcover with gilt Seal of the Government of Palestine stamped to front board of the binding. Harry Luke’s (Lukach) personal copy. Fading, staining to boards and spine. Otherwise in good condition.

102. [Malta Content] – [Luke, Harry Charles] King, Sir Edwin.

The Knights Of St. John In The British Realm. Being the Official History of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. [With Ephemera].

Third Edition Revised and Continued. [This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. London, St. John’s Gate, 1967. 23 cm x 15 cm. XXII, 307 pages, 47 illustrations. Original Hardcover with original dustjacket in protective Mylar. Harry Luke’s (Lukach) personal copy. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear.

103. [Pacific Content] – [Luke, Harry Charles] Members of Legislative Council of Fiji.

To His Excellency Sir Harry Charles Luke, Knight, C.M.G. Governor in and over the Colony of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. [Calligraphed Welcome-Certificate for Sir Harry Luke at his inauguration of Governor of Fiji, at the even of British Colonialism, in 1938].

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Suva, Members of Legislative Council of Fiji, 16th September, 1938. 39 cm x 31,5 cm. [3] illustrated pages. Original Hardcover. Harry Luke’s (Lukach) personal copy. Very good condition with some signs of external wear.

104. [Private Materials Sir Harry Luke] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] Luke, Peter.

Two emotional letters from writer Peter Luke to his father, Sir Harry Luke. One of the letters from ‘The Shelbourne’ in Dublin (10th of April 1949) to Sir Harry while he is possibly travelling in Brazil, in which Peter Luke makes fun of his father giving him the middle names ‘Ambrose Cyprian’ and also mentioning that ‘By the way, just in case you meet any business people in Brazil, C& Co. are interested in exporting Port, Sherry + Irish Whisky to that country – Bon voyage – your affectionate son Peter’ / One of the letters from Peter Luke’s address in London discusses the wish to relocate to the Oxford area and contemplating if the location is right for his commute to work and Sir Harry obviously wants to help. Peter Luke informs him that he thinks 5000 pounds would do the trick but he was not sure ‘what your limit is’.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Dublin / London, 1949. Octavo. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

105. [Private Materials Sir Harry Luke] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] [Joyce Evelyn Fremlin (Luke)].

Two letters from Sir Harry Luke to his wife Joyce Fremlin (1 ALS / 1 TL)/ One letter from Joyce Fremlin in return (1 ALS). One of the letters discussing the hardship of a reduced pension and the subsequent repercussions around him and for his wife and family / One letter in which he celebrates with his wife the arrival of a grandson [probably the son of writer Peter Luke, Harry Luke (brother of Georgiana)].

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Barbados, 1946 / 1947. Octavo. 3 Letters. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

106. [Education of Sir Harry Luke] – [Lukach, Harry Charles / Sir Harry Luke] / Ford, Lionel George Bridges Justice [Headmaster at Eton and Repton].

Fantastic Manuscript Letter on “Repton Hall – Stationery” by Lionel George Bridges Justice Ford to his former pupil, Harry Charles Lukach (later Sir Harry Luke) written just after Ford’s Italian Journey with Alington and shortly after he became Headmaster at Repton. The six-page letter is a wonderful example of the relationship of Teacher and Student and Ford writes here to Luke more like to an old friend: “My dear Lukach, I have been trying to make time to answer your nice letter, but the rush of things just at first is so great I think you will have to wai a bit unless I send you a dictated answer. Well ! I am not going to let you wait any longer. I am delighted to hear that Rev. Alington [that is Cyril Argentine Alington] tore up your copy of “M.a.P.” which was far and away the best method of dealing with that class of literary productions”. I wish I had realized that you were in Paris in the holidays, because I passed through the place on my way to and from Italy and I had some solitary hours there which I divided between Notre Dame & guess where ! Rev. Alington was with me in Italy and wore the most outrageous lay costume that I have ever been scandalised by. For all that we had a very nice time. I stood on top of Vesuvius and longed to jump into the hole to see what it was making that noise underneath. I saw Assisi the home of S.Francis & theought of your Sunday private business. I travelled along the North of L. Trasimene and wished for some of my old pupils to explain to me the details of the great battle that took place there. I saw Rome – where – as you are aware there are a good many objects of interest. And Florence ! Oh ! Florence !! The Masterpieces of Raphael & Michael Angelo and the tombs of Clough – Mrs. Browning & Landor would have made your artistic and literary mouth water. You will find Rev. Alington has a good deal of information which he is willing to impact as to Florence. He did not half appreciate the statues as compared with the pictures. Unhappy Man ! I have not told you any news about Eton [crossed out and replaced with ‘Repton’] that must wait till I come down next week. Your affectionate Tutor”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Repton Hall / Burton on Trent, 1901. Octavo. Six pages on two sheets folded. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

107. [Education of Sir Harry Luke] – [Lukach, Harry Charles / Sir Harry Luke] / Ford, Lionel George Bridges Justice [Headmaster at Eton and Repton].

Typed / and partly Manuscript Letter by Sir Harry Luke’s former Tutor, Lionel Ford: “My dear Lukach, thank you indeed for writing so kindly abpout my appointment to Harrow. I hope you will forgive my answer takes a typewritten form. It seems almost the only way in which I could hope to acknowledge in reasonable time the letters of congratulations and good wishes that have poured in upon me….It is a great honour to have been asked to do this big work; I feel that very much, and I like to think it is in Repton’s honour rather than mine. But it will be a dreadful wrench to leave the old school…..[Ford continues to add in ink: “I don’t like your account of climate-yellow fever – But I feel v. proud of you and your work out there. Dominus return ! ….Yours very sincerely Ex-Tutor, always Lionel Ford”].

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. The Hall, Repton, Burton on Trent, Headmaster Repton – Repton – Egginton, 1910. Octavo. One sheet / One page. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

108. [Education of Sir Harry Luke] – [Lukach, Harry Charles / Sir Harry Luke] / Alington, Cyril Argentine.

Typed / Partly Manuscript Letter Signed (MLS) / from Eton Headmaster Cyril Argentine Alington to Harry Lukach, after Alington had become Headmaster at Shrewsbury School: “My dear Harry, I think you will rather admire me for having a typewriter….i thank you for your charming letter and the Photograph which is most impressive. I was very glad to hear from you again and to know that your affairs are so flourishing…..We have just been to France for a week and have fallen badly in love with two or three churches, notably St.Ouen and Beauvais. I am very sorry to hear of the decadence of the Hotel Rome, but if it has deserted its charming Catholic name I quite see that success was impossible for it. You will, I know, b sorry to hear that I lost my mother at the beginning of this month……I am liking Life at Shrewsbury….which is a delightful place in itself….you don’t say how long your present job will last, but I hope it will allow you coming home before very long. My wife sends her best wishes & so would my daughters if they knew you – Ever yours affect. Cyril Alington”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Ross on Wye, The Chantry,, 1910. Quarto. One sheet, two page-letter signed. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

109. [Malta Content] – [Luke, Harry Charles] Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office / Downing Street.

Typed Letter Signed (TLS) addressed to Harry Luke and signed OGR Williams on “Downing Street Stationery” / “The Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office”: “Sir, I am directed by Lord Passfield to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 15th of July and to inform you that the Crown Agents for the Colonies are being authorised to pay to you subsistence allowance at the rate of 25/– a night in respect of your attendance at the Colonial Office Conference for the period 23rd of June to the 15th of July (inclusive). I am, Sir, your obedient servant, OGRWilliams [?]”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. [London] Downing Street, 23rd of July, 1930. A4. One page with envelope “On His Majesty’s Service”. From the personal collection of Sir Harry Luke. Important letter stating Luke’s attendance at the Colonial Conference in 1930, shortly before he started the Governorship on Malta.

110. [Cyprus Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] Storrs, Sir Ronald Henry Amherst.

Typed Letter Signed (TLS) from Sir Ronald Henry Amherst Storrs to Sir Harry Luke. The two – page letter was written by Storrs during the finalization of his posting in Jerusalem as Governor of Jerusalem and Judea and reached Sir Harry while he was still Colonial Secretary in Sierra Leone. The Letter touches on the uprooting Storrs and his family feel after 9 years of ‘anchors and tentacles’ [in Jerusalem]. In the letter, which is marked ‘Private – Pl[ease] destroy’, Storrs reports somehow cryptic on a project to get Luke somehow to Cyprus so they can work together again. Storrs reminisces how he looks back with gratitude, pleasure and regret to his collaboration with Luke. Storrs also reflects on a journey: ‘We came out by Paris (where I saw the finest collection of Rhodian plates in the world), Assisi (having named the street here after St. Francis in the spring), Rome (heard Mussolini and saw Gasparri), Athens (warned one or two prominent Cypriots against any political back-chat), Alexandria (to pack my collection of icons and alabaster) and finally Jerusalem whence, on the 29th, H.M.S. Cornflower will remove my wife, self, A.D.C. and about 70 packing cases to Famagusta which we hope to reach on the Feast of St.Andrew, he being, I believe, the Patron Saint of the Island”. In a Post Scriptum Storrs reports.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Jerusalem, 11th November 1926. Folio. 2 pages with original envelope. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

111. [Sierra Leone Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] Storrs, Sir Ronald Henry Amherst [ KCMG CBE ].

Typed Letter signed (TLS) from Sir Ronald Storrs to Sir Harry Luke. The letter was written during Storrs’ time as Governor in Jerusalem and is on British Colonial Office stationery: ‘My dear Harry – Thank you for yours of exactly one month ago. But no protestations will avail to wipe out from my family the imperishable memory of your behaviour at the wedding feast. I forward you King Pausolus and for earnest favour of return the intermittant Satyr from which I derived great benefit. Pirie-Gordon stayed with us three or four days of the pilgrimage and told me (greatly to my pleasure) that you had before leaving London something like definite personal encouragement for Ubr. Alas I fear Billy G’s visit will be too late to help; but if the worst has not happened by then your subcutaneous and intra-muscular propulsion will be infinitely esteemed by yours, with homage to the Princess Patricia, threys R S”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Jerusalem, The Governorate, March 17th, 1926. Octavo. One page with original envelope. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

112. [Ecclesiastical Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] / Archbishop of Canterbury, Randall T. Davidson / Davidson, Randall Thomas (1st Baron Davidson of Lambeth, GCVO, PC).

Typed Letter Signed (TLS) from the Archbishop of Canterbury, Randall T. Davidson, to Harry Luke, then Assistant Governor of Jerusalem: ‘Dear Mr.Luke, I thank you very cordially for your ‘Handbook of Palestine’. I am sure that such a book has for some time been wanted – a book a little different from the mere guide-book. You have now met the need, so far as I can judge, most effectively. I am yours very truly Randall T. Canterbury.’

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Canterbury, Lambeth Palace, 20th of October, 1922. Octavo. One page with original envelope. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

113. [Palestine Content / Ecclesiastical] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] Storrs, Sir Ronald Henry Amherst.

Typed Letter Signed (TLS) and partly Autographed Letter on Stationery of The Governorate, Jerusalem, from Sir Ronald Henry Amherst Storrs to Sir Harry Luke. The two-page letter was written by Storrs in August 1925, during his posting as Governor of Jerusalem and reached Sir Harry while he was holidaying in Alt-Aussee (Austria). During this period, Luke was Colonial Secretary in Sierra Leone. Storrs writes: “My dear Harry – If this gets you in time please introduce yourselves to the Duchess of Rutland, a very dear friend of mine, and deeply interested in Jerusalem. “On behalf of the Council of the Pro-Jerusalem Society I have much pleasure in giving you permission to use the article and map produced by you for the second volume of the Annales on the Holy Sepulchre……[Storrs continues]: “The Plumers arrived the day before yesterday…. [that is Field Marshal Lord Plumer who was High Commissioner of the British Mandate for Palestine in 1925]…… and were well received by both sides……” [In Mandatory Palestine Plumer gained a reputation as being “genuinely even handed” and was one of the few British administrators who was consistently popular with both the Jewish community and the Arab community in that territory. Privately, he was sympathetic to the cause of establishing a homeland for the Jewish people; however, he tried his best to “be fair” to Arab concerns as well while he was High Commissioner there (source: Wikipedia)]. Storrs continues: “The Hendersons also to hand. The Worlds worker, now about to become a Mamur Hajz or Seizure Officer, rejects your cowric shells…..with all the contempt of a Mutamaddin for the Mutawahhishin…..I do hope you will secure in arriving Leone”

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Jerusalem, 27th August, 1925. Quarto. 1 sheet (2 pages partialyy typed, partially in manuscript hand by Storrs). From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

114. [Sierra Leone Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] Storrs, Sir Ronald Henry Amherst.

Typed Letter Signed (TLS) on Stationery of Government House, Cyprus, from Sir Ronald Henry Amherst Storrs to Sir Harry Luke. The one – page letter was written by Storrs in July 1927, during his posting as Governor of Cyprus and reached Sir Harry while he was still Colonial Secretary in Sierra Leone. Storrs writes: “My dear Harry – I can hardly bear to read the first and second pages of your letter….and even now feel a sort of suspense created by its maddeningly tantalizing information. I am consoled on the whole by your refusal of the G.C. from which, in spite of the extra cash, there was no possible increment to your now made reputation and which would, as you feared, have infallibly tended to prolong your exile in W.A. [West Africa]..[…]…Archer [that is Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer] has now put in (more surprisingly to me than actual resignation) for a transfer to the West Indies.”

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Cyprus, July 6th, 1927. Octavo. 1 sheet (1 page). From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

115. [Sierra Leone Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] Fiddian, Alexander (Alex) [Colonial Office].

Typed Letter signed (TLS) on Colonial Office Stationery from Establishment Officer for the Colonial Office and the Dominians Office, Alexander (Alex) Fiddian) to Harry Luke, congratulating him on the CMG: ‘My dear Luke, hearty congratulations on this altogether overdue decoration. You will at any rate bring to the Order a certain literary éclat which hitherto has been very very rare indeed. I really think that for once the C.M.G. has been well deserved. I hope you are flourishing and find things all to the good. With best new year wishes Yours ever Alex Fiddian.’

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. London, Downing Street, January 1926. Octavo. 1 page with envelope and newspaper clipping with an obituary on Captain Edward Oliver Gladstone. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

116. [Ecclesiastical Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] Bell, George Kennedy Allen.

Typed Letter Signed (TLS) on Lambeth Palace stationery from Bishop George Kennedy Allen Bell to Sir Harry Luke: ‘My dear Luke – very many thanks for your letter and kind congratulations. I am sending this in duplicate to Jerusalem and to the St. James’ Club. I should greatly like to see you when you are in London if this is possible. I do not disguise the sorrow with which I hear of your impending departure from Jerusalem. The loss of yourself following so soon after Deedes’ [Brigadier General Sir Wyndham Henry Deedes] departure must be a great loss to Palestine and in particular to the Patriarchate. I am also very sorry to hear that Barron [J.B.Barron of the Palestine Land Commision Weights and Measure Commission] is leaving and I wonder what is going to happen to the Commission and all its affairs. I shall be leaving Lambeth on March 31st and spending ten days in the Lakes: then I go down at once to Canterbury where I shall be from April 12th to May 5th. I shall be in London for about a fortnight from May 5th onwards. I would greatly like to see you if you are about at that time. Yours very sincerely, G.K.A. Bell.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Lambeth Palace, 18th March 1924. Octavo. 1 page with original envelope. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

117. [Ecclesiastical Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry Charles] / Bell, George Kennedy Allen (Bishop of Chichester, later Dean of Canterbury) / Mar Ignatius Elias III (Patriarch of Antioch and Head of the Syriac Orthodox Church) / Davidson, Randall T. (Archbishop of Canterbury / Douglas, John Albert (Dean of St.Luke’s) / R.F.Borough (Chaplain in Constantinople).

Collection of significant Documents and exchange of letters regarding “Intercommunion between the Anglican Church and Orthodox Syrian Church”. The documents and letters show a string of stunning developments during the last days of the Ottoman Empire, between Mar Ignatius and the Archbishop of Canterbury in which the tensions between Churches, the charged atmosphere of the outgoing Ottoman Empire and fragility of the Patriarchate in Jerusalem are manifested in these communications. Striking also the clarity with which is determined that all parties have to avoid to anger the Turks and avoid having the Turks think that Mar Ignatius “is trying to form some political alliance with the British”. See all documents listed below and some highlights mentioned here: Typed Letter Signed (TLS) with manuscript annotations by the later Dean of Canterbury, George Bell, sent to Commander H[arry] Luke while Luke was in Venice during October 2022. The letter is accompanied by two Typescripts of letters between the Archbishop of Canterbury (then Randall Davidson) and Mar Ignatius as well as a highly confidential Memorandum which outlines the very delicate topic of Mar Ignatius asking the Archbishop if he would be “prepared to authorise and arrange that the Syrian Orthodox (Jacobites) in America and elsewhere who were outside the ministrations of their own clergy should be [could be] mininistered to by Anglican Priests”. According to the Memorandum, compiled and sent by Rev. John Albert Douglas, Vicar of S. Luke’s, to “Commander Luke” in October 1922, the highly conflicting topic of “Intercommunion between the Anglican Church and Orthodox Syrian Church”, started “in the autumn of 1920” and the correspondence before us presents the culmination of a two year long, significant correspondence between Lambeth Palace (Archbishop of Canterbury) and the Syrian Patriarchat in Antioch (Mar Ignatios – Elias III). Harry Luke was sought out as intermediate after it became clear that Mar Ignatius had either misunderstood items in the communication or was stalling and the Memorandum suggests that Luke, “possibly with Archdeacon Waddy” should call to Mar Ignatios and “remind him what it was and why it was that the Archbishop of Canterbury wrote to him”. The mediation, hoped for from Luke, was at time clearly based on Luke’s experience in the region and the letter from George Bell suggests he is hought to be the solution to this delicate matter. The Typescript of the Letter from Randall Davidson to Mar Ignatius is of great importance due to the Archbishop and Mar Ignatius firstly establish in no uncertain terms the righteousness of either faith. Randall Davidson, satisfied by this, agrees that “It is now my privilege in consequence of these communications to authorise these recognised members of the Orthodox Syrian Church who, being prevented from access to their own clergy, desire to receive the Holy Communion, or to have their children being baptised, or their marriage solemnized, to avail themselves of the ministration of our clergy”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Canterbury / Jerusalem / Camberwell [South London], June – November, 1922. Octavo / Quarto. Eight Documents [Letters and Typescripts]. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

118. [Cyprus Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry] / Storrs, Sir Ronald Henry Amherst.

Typed Letter Signed / Monogrammed (TLS with manuscript corrections) from Sir Harry Luke to Sir Ronald Storrs. The two – page letter plus addenda was written by Luke in September 1927, during his posting as Colonial Secretary in Sierra Leone, and reached Storrs during his Governorship in Cyprus. Luke writes about [Mr.] St.Barbe Baker and two pamphlets [by Baker] he sent Storrs of which one is “full of a passionate idealism canalized into the planting of trees in dry countries”. Luke continues: “He is now in the Forestry Service in Nigeria….I imagine he would be the very man for countries such as Ubr and Palestine, which wage a constant and unequal campaign against drought and inadequate rainfall. If you were to think it worth while to place him in touch with yourself, he might conceivably be of value in the direction of organizing voluntary tree-planting in the Regno di Cipro. In the matter of the Handbook [of Cyprus] I enclose on a separate sheet a very few corrigenda and suggestions…..” [The Corrigenda on page three of the letter (Addenda) deals with corrections of Date of publications of e.g.: “Cyprus under the Turks” etc.].

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. [Sierra Leone], 13th September, 1927. Folio. 3 sheets. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

119. [Malta Content] – [Luke, Harry Charles] / 400 Year Anniversary of Great Siege of Malta.

Unidentified Manuscript Letter Signed (MLS) / Autographed Letter Signed (ALS) regarding Luke’s resignation [possibly from an order or other form of organization regarding Malta]: “Everyone at the meeting on Saturday was really sorry to hear of your resignation and it was immediately unanimously agreed that you should be invited to be the Guest of Honour at the next Dinner. I think this is particularly appropriate this year, when the 400th anniversary of the Great Siege is being celebrated – and who is there who knows more about the History of Malta than you do !”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. [London], 29th of April, 1965. A4. Two pages on one sheet with envelope. From the personal collection of Sir Harry Luke.

120. [Cyprus Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry].

Vintage Photograph / Original Portrait of a roughly 30 year old Luke, only a few years into his diplomatic career in the British Colonial Service, during his Cyprus – Posting as Private secretary to the new governor, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams and his subsequent service as interpreter on HM Cruiser ‘Doris’ and “During several extensions of his period on loan as a political officer with the eastern Mediterranean Fleet [in which] Luke was involved [under Rosslyn Wemyss and de Robeck] in the administration of the islands of Mudros and Lemnos during the Gallipoli campaign” (Holland).

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. [London], c.1914. Board: 20 cm wide x 27.8 cm high / Image: 9.5 cm wide x 14.3 cm high. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

121. [Sierra Leone Content] – [Luke, Harry / Lukach, Harry] / Probyn, Sir Leslie.

Vintage Photograph of Harry Luke together with Sir Leslie Probyn, Governor of Sierra Leone from 1908-1910 (dated verso “Freetown, 1910”). The photograph shows a very young Harry Luke and was taken during Luke’s tenure as Private Secretary and Aide-de-Camp to Sir Leslie Probyn.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Freetown, Sierra Leone, 1910. Large Octavo. Photograph itself: 14 cm x 19 cm. / Mounted on carton 20 cm x 26,5 cm. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

122. [Sierra Leone Content] – [Luke, Harry / Lukach, Harry] Edward, Prince of Wales / Alphonso Sylvester Lisk-Carew.

Vintage Photograph of Harry Luke with Edward, Prince of Wales, 1925, Sierra Leone. [at Municipal Garden Park in Sierra Leone]. Photograph taken by Alphonso Sylvester Lisk-Carew, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Sierra Leone, 1925. 14 cm x 19 cm. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

123. [Palestine Content] – [Luke, Harry / Lukach, Harry Charles].

Vintage Photographic Plate of Sir Harry Luke together with his wife and an aide, either taken during his tenure as acting Commissioner of Famagusta (Cyprus) or as High Commissioner to the Government of Palestine. Includes a vintage print of the photograph with Luke cut out.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Famagusta (Cyprus) or Jerusalem (Palestine), c. 1918 – 1924. Octavo. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

124. [Cyprus Content] – [Luke, Harry / Lukach, Harry].

Vintage wedding photograph of Harry Luke and Joyce Evelyn Fremlin (daughter of Henry James Leigh Fremlin and his wife, Maud Evelyn Deane). The wedding photograph was taken in 1918, at Larnaca, shortly after the wedding – ceremony “in the little Anglican Church of S.Helena” (C&M, II, 44). At the time, Luke was still commissioner of Famagusta (1918-1920).

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. [Famagusta], 1918. 23 cm x 17 cm. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

125. [Pacific Content] – [Luke, Harry Charles] From Sanatan Dharam Rishikul Maha Sabha of Fiji.

Welcome Address To His Excellency The Governor, Sir Harry Charles Luke C.M.G., Governor of Fiji. From Sanatan Dharam Rishikul Maha Sabha of Fiji.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Suva, Sanatan Dharam Rishikul Maha Sabha of Fiji, 22nd September, 1938. 39 cm x 25,5 cm. [1] page. Original, illustrated Hardcover. Harry Luke’s (Lukach) personal copy. Very good condition with some signs of external wear.

126. [Pacific Content] – [Luke, Harry Charles] From The Sikh Community of Fiji.

Welcome Address To His Excellency, Sir Harry Charles Luke C.M.G., Governor in and over the Colony of Fiji, and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. From The Sikh Community of Fiji.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Suva, The Sikh Community of Fiji, 16th September, 1938. 40 cm x 27 cm. [1] page. Original, illustrated Hardcover. Harry Luke’s (Lukach) personal copy. Very good condition with some signs of external wear.

127. [Mesopotamia / Mosul Content] – [Luke, Sir Harry / Lukach, Harry].

Wonderful example of the research trips Harry Luke made for his later publications: Copy of a full page letter Sir Harry wrote from Mosul to his father in 1924: “My dear Father, only a hearty line in the state of great rush to tell you that we safely accomplished the Journey across the desert from Jerusalem to Damascus to Baghdad, though it took us 5 days instead of 2 and a half owing to breakdown and sticking in the mud etc. At one place, half way across the desert, we stuck for 20 hours. We left Jerusalem on the 9th and got to Baghdad on the 14th at noon and had to leave that same evening for Mosul, as the trains only go twice a week. We had 15 hours in the train to the Northern terminus of the Baghdad Railway and then 75 miles by car. We are being put up by the British Political Officer here, in a charming house. Today I have been out all day in neighbouring Jacobite and Chaldean villages and monasteries and this evening visited one of the persons I had especially come here to Kurdistan to see, namely the hereditary Patriarch of the Nestorians, now a boy of 15, who has been Patriarch for 3 years, an attractive shy lad who not officiating as Patriarch plays football with the other Nestorian children. Tomorrow we go out to the Shrine of the Yezidis, or Devil-worshippers, in the company of their hereditary Emir (who I am told is always tight). We leave here on the 20th for Bagdad and then straight back to Jerusalem.”

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Mosul, 1924. Octavo. One and a half page – Typescript Letter. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

128. [Education of Sir Harry Luke] – [Lukach, Harry Charles / Sir Harry Luke] / Farnborough School.

Wonderful Manuscript Letter signed by 14 year old Harry Charles Lukach to his Father: “My dear Father, In this week’s marks in Classics I am first with 117, in Mathematics first with 46, and in French Seventh with 26 marks. In the match against Sunningdale we beat them by 4 goals to 2. The Gordon Highlanders won their return match by 5 goals to 2. On Wednesday the first and second eleven play Hillside, and on Saturday the first Eleven play Hartley Row. In the Common Sense Paper I was sixth with 233 marks out of 400. The Anthem this Evening is “The Radiant Morn” – With much love, Your loving son, Harry”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Farnborough,, October 31st, 1897. Octavo. One manuscript letter, accompanied by two Common-Sense and General Knowledge Papers from Farnborough School, Lent School Time, 1897. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

129. [Education of Sir Harry Luke] – [Lukach, Harry Charles / Sir Harry Luke] / [Pirie-Gordon, Harry].

Wonderful Manuscript Letter signed by Harry Charles Lukach (later Sir Harry Luke) to his Father, written during a holiday which Luke spent in the Western Isles on Iona, together with his friend Harry Pirie-Gordon: “My dear Father, many thanks for your letter. I sent you the Oban Times yesterday with an account of our Swim. We are getting quite notorious….The other day a parson & his wife arrived here & when I was introduced, said: “Are you the Mr. L. I read about in the papers….” I am so glad you are getting the Cleveland Row business finally settled. When will you actually begin to build ? How long is Westinghouse staying in England. Best love, H.” [″Pirie-Gordon had his “Viva” last week. He got a 3rd, & is rather disappointed.”] / Also enclosed is another letter, related to the holiday which Luke and Pirie-Gordon spent together because it proofs Luke extended his holiday to stay with Pirie-Gordon longer. This letter, regarding a payment Luke made, was unsuccessfully sent on September 13th, 1905 to two addresses where Luke was supposed to be until he Luke is found at the Country House of the Pirie-Gordon-Family at Gwernvale, Crickhowell near Abergavenny in South Wales. The letter places Luke with the Pirire-Gordon-Family just a few months before Baron Corvo will be a guest there and start collaborating with Pirie-Gordon on “The Rule of the Order of SS. Sophia”.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Iona, August 7th, 1905. Octavo. One manuscript letter, accompanied by two an original section from the Oban Times in which the adventures of Luke and Pirie-Gordon were discussed in the issue of Saturday, August 5, 1905. From the private collection / library of colonial governor, diplomat and historian, Sir Harry Luke.

130. [Rhodes, Cecil] Jourdan, Philip.

Cecil Rhodes – His Private Life by his Private Secretary.

London / New York, John Lane The Bodley Head / John Lane Company, 1911. 14.5 cm x 22.5 cm. Frontispiece, 285 pages. 16 illustrations. Hardcover [publisher’s original red cloth] with gilt lettering on spine and front board. Deckled edges. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear. Interior bright and clean. Preowner details on front endpaper.

131. [Rhodes, Cecil] Maurois, André.

Cecil Rhodes. Translated from the French by Rohan Wadham.

London, Collins, 1953. 13 cm x 19 cm. Frontispiece, 140 pages. Hardcover [publisher’s original red cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear. Hint of foxing to fore-edge. Preowner’s name on front endpaper. [Brief Lives – No. 8]

132. [Robinson, Sir Joseph B.] Weinthal, Leo [Editor].

Memories, Mines and Millions. Being the Life of Sir Joseph B. Robinson, Bart. Compiled and edited by Leo Weinthal.

London, Simpkin Marshall, 1929. 19 cm x 25 cm. Frontispiece, 247 pages. Five high-quality, tipped-in, vintage monochrome photographs, including frontispiece on 4 plates. Besides the vintage photographs numerous illustrations throughout. Illustrations show for example action on the Pniel Diamond Diggings in 1875, Ferreira’s Camp in Johannesburg, 1886, Pretoria in 1875 / Caricatures of Robinson in “The Moon”, “Pretoria Press” “Truth” etc. Hardcover [publisher’s original red cloth] with gilt lettering on spine and front board. Excellent condition with only minor signs of external wear. Lower corners slightly rubbed. Illegible name of preowner on titlepage. Interior is bright and clean. Pencilled underlining to page 35.

133. [Cyprus / Famagusta / Mudros Content] – [Wemyss, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rosslyn / Governor of Moudros] – Lukach, Harry Charles [later Sir Harry Luke] / [Admiral of the Fleet, Sir Rosslyn Erskine Wemyss / Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Michael de Robeck].

[Collection of five items of Signed Portrait of Sir Rosslyn Wemyss and Excellent Manuscript-Letter – Exchange with Harry Lukach, later Sir Harry Luke] The collection includes: 1. Original SIGNED Portrait of Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, while Rear Admiral, Senior Officer and Governor of Moudros / Mudros / 2. Together with autographed and signed manuscript-letter by Sir Rosslyn to his friend and subordinate, Harry Lukach [later Sir Harry Luke], who obviously had sent him congratulations when Wemyss was appointed as Admiral Sir Jellicoe’s replacement in December 1917 as First Sea Lord: “My dear Lukach – it was nice of you to send me your telegram but you will realize that I haven’t looked upon my appointment as an object for congratulations, though it is none the less nice that I should receive them from my friends. I had a letter from your father the other day, who told me that he thought it was possible that you decided to get out of your present Job, & that if so I could possibly be [?] for you to do so. If you have any ideas on the subject, do write & let me know, for you may be quite sure that I shall be only too glad to do anything to help you in that direction, for as I have told you before, I think that your powers should be need in some less circumscribed area than where you are at present – All good luck – Believe me – Yours very sincerely (s o) R.E. Wemyss” (dated 5th January, 1918) / 3. Together with Harry Lukach’s answer in a manuscript letter from February 11th, 1918, on Stationery of “Famagusta Club – Cyprus”: “Dear Sir Rosslyn, I am most grateful for your letter of the 5th January, & for your kindness in thinking of me among your many preoccupations. I need scarcely assure you that I am only too anxious to [?] what Service under the Admiralty, if this were possible, as I feel that, although I have recently been given promotion inside Cyprus to the Commissionship of Famagusta, I might perhaps be of more use at present Day in Palestine, the Balkans, or Elsewhere in the Near or Middle East than here. If any Naval Mission in those theatres required someone to do work of a kind for which you thought me fitted, I do not think the CO would think of declining to second me if you were to be good enough to ask for my services, especially as I am known to you personally through having had the privilege of serving on your Staff, Yours very sincerely (so) HCLukach”. / 4. Together with a stunning Typescript-copy of Luke’s application from his post in Famagusta, Cyprus, to the Secretary of State for the Colonies on 31 October, 1918, in which Luke lists his many achievements and asks for an administrative or political appointment in Turkey or Persia “if on conclusion of peace any territories in those countries should pass under British administration or control (this typescript is written while Lukach is Commissioner of Famagusta, Cyprus and he mentions the service under Sir Rosslyn Wemyss) – Luke also includes a typescript of C.D. Fenn for the Chief Secretary to Government in the year 1916 in which the Government confirms appreciation of his valuable service in connection with the administration of Mudros. Luke kept all these items together in his collection with the scrapbook-collection of printed Mudros – Orders he received from Wemyss and de Robeck while on Mudros (see below description of item No.5).

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Mudros, Authority, c. 1918. 33,5 cm x 21,5 cm. Size of the Original Photograph Portrait of Sir Rosslyn Wemyss: Image: 14.5 cm wide x 19.5 cm high, signed in ink and mounted on board which measures 17.5 cm wide x 22.7 cm high. / The Volume with official documents counts c. 100 pages. Original Hardcover. The extremely rare photograph of Sir Rosslyn Wemyss in very good condition and beautifully signed and only with some minor signs of wear / The Mudros – Volume of official orders by Wemyss, de Robeck and Lukach with some minor staining to boards, very occasional only some foxing to pages. Otherwise in excellent condition.

134. [Weston, Frank] Smith, H. Maynard.

Frank Bishop of Zanzibar – Life of Frank Weston, D.D., 1871-1924. With Portraits.

Tenth Thousand. London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1926. 14.5 cm x 22 cm. Frontispiece, XI,326 pages. 9 plates. Hardcover [publisher’s original brown cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Good condition with some clear signs of external wear. Rubbed staining to front board. Interior bright and clean. Ocassional spotting to edges. Preowner details on front endpaper.

135. [Weston, Frank] Smith, H. Maynard.

Frank Bishop of Zanzibar – Life of Frank Weston, D.D., 1871-1924. With Portraits.

London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1926. 15 cm x 22 cm. Frontispiece, 326 pages. 9 black-and-white photographs. Hardcover [publisher’s original brown cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Very good+ condition with only minor signs of external wear. Interior very bright and clean with sharp corners. Preowner’s name on front endpaper. Discreet bookseller’s label on front pastedown.

136. Buchanan, R. Ogilvie.

An Economic Geography of the British Empire. With Forty-Nine Diagrams and Maps and Sixteen Numbered Plates in Half-Tone Printed in the Text.

London, University of London Press, 1935. 15 cm x 21.5 cm. X, 346 pages. Hardcover [publisher’s original turquoise cloth] with lettering on spine and bordered front board. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear and soiling. Binding firm and strong but slightly cocked. Textblock solid with sharp corners. Interior bright and clean. Bookseller’s label on front pastedown.

137. Coudenhove, Hans.

My African Neighbors – Man, Bird, and Beast in Nyasaland.

First Edition. London, Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1925. 15 cm x 22.5 cm. Frontispiece, XIV, 245 pages. With 12 illustrations. Hardcover [publisher’s original dark green cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear. Interior bright and clean. Preowner’s name (R.G.Poole) on front endpaper.

138. Foran, W. Robert.

A Cuckoo in Kenya – The Reminiscences of a [Irish] Pioneer Police Officer in British East Africa. Illustrated with Photographs by the Author and Others.

London, Hutchinson & Co, no year (c.1936). 15.5 cm x 23.5 cm. Frontispiece, 360 pages. 119 monochrome photographs on 47 plates, including frontispiece. Maps of Kenya on pastedowns and endpapers. Hardcover [publisher’s original green cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Very good condition with some clear signs of external wear. Slightly bumped and rubbed. Very minor staining to front board. Binding still firm and strong. Minor foxing to edges. Interior very bright and clean. Very Rare, rather scarce publication !

139. [Cyprus Content] – Gunnis, Rupert.

Historic Cyprus. A Guide to its Towns and Villages, Monasteries and Castles. With Six Illustrations, Seven Plans and a Folding Map.

Second Edition. [This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. London, Methuen & CO. Ltd., 1947. Octavo. 495 pages. With several black-and-white illustrations throughout the book. Original Hardcover. From the library of Sir Harry Luke. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear. Rare !

140. Hardy, Ronald.

The Iron Snake.

London, Collins, 1965. 15 cm x 21.5 cm. 318 pages. 11 illustrations on 8 plates. Hardcover [publisher’s original dark green cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Mapped endpapers. Very good+ condition with only minor signs of external wear. Interior bright and clean. Binding tight and square. Preowner’s name on title-page.

141. Hill, F.M.

Permanent Way – The Story of the Kenya and Uganda Railway – Being the Official History of the Development of the Transport System in Kenya and Uganda. Foreword by Sir Reginald Robins, the Commissioner for Transport, East Africa High Commission.

Nairobi / Kenya, East African Railways and Harbours, [1949]. 20.5 cm x 25.5 cm. XII, 582 pages. 18 plates with fantastic monochrome photographs. 2 beautifully coloured fold-out maps within, showing 1. East Africa in 1892 with the proposed Railway / 2. East Africa in 1949 showing the Principal Land & Water Communications with finished Railways and Railways under construction. Hardcover [publisher’s original green cloth] with gilt lettering on spine and gilt design on front board. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear. Minor stain to front board lower corner. Binding is firm and strong. Foxing and tanning to edges. Some occasional pencil-markings. Interior is otherwise tight, bright and clean.

142. Hill, M.F.

The Dual Policy in Kenya. Being a collection of articles, published in the Kenya Weekly News, between July, 1943, and March, 1944, on the past, the present, and the future of Kenya Colony.

Nakuru, The Kenya Weekly News, no year (c.1944). 14.5 cm x 19.5 cm. 276 pages. Hardcover [publisher’s original blue cloth]. Poor condition with stronger signs of external wear. Boards are faded. Corners bumped. Boards show smudges and fading. Tears to gutter between pastedowns and endpapers. Binding somewhat shaky but book block intact. Internally clean and bright with sharp corners.

143. Hobley, C.W.

Bantu Beliefs and Magic. With a Particular Reference to the Kikuyu and Kamba Tribes of Kenya Colony; Together with some Reflections on East Africa After the War.

London, H. F. G. Witherby, 1922. 15.5 cm x 22.5 cm. Frontispiece with guard, 312 pages. 11 plates. Hardcover [publisher’s original green cloth] with gilt lettering and blind stamp on spine. Blind ruling to front board. Deckled fore and tail-edges. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear. Interior bright and clean. This being the copy of Charles Marsh Beadnell, with his name on the front endpaper.

144. Johnston, Harry.

Britain Across the Seas – Africa, A History and Description of the British Empire in Africa.

London, National Society’s Depository, no year [1910]. 15.5 cm x 23.5 cm. XIX, 429 pages. 238 illustrations. 7 maps. [Sketch Map of Kaffraria / Political Map of Africa (in colour) etc.]. Hardcover [publisher’s original red cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Excellent condition with only minor signs of external wear. Internally exceptionally tight, bright and clean with sharp edges. Front pastedown carries presentation bookplate of Leyland Parish Church Sunday School and Bible Classes awarding prize to J. Pickles for regular attendance.

145. Johnston, Harry H.

The Story of My Life.

London, Chatto & Windus, 1923. 15.5 cm x 22.5 cm. Frontispiece, 536 pages. 3 illustrations. Hardcover [publisher’s original navy cloth] with gilt lettering on spine and blind tooling at front board edges. Deckled edges. Unusually excellent condition with only minor signs of external wear. Very occasional foxing. Interior is otherwise very bright and clean. Binding firm, strong and square.

146. Knight, E.F.

Letters from the Sudan. By the special correspondent of “The Times”. With Illustrations and Plans. Reprinted from “The Times” of April to October, 1896.

London, Macmillan and Co., 1897. 14.5 cm x 23 cm. Frontispiece, 325 pages. Twelve illustrations. Three fold-out maps. Hardcover [publisher’s original maroon cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Good condition with signs of external wear. Corners of board bumped and rubbed. Spine carries library marking. Foxing to deckled edges. Front pastedown carries ex-libris ‘Schola Grammatica Sydneiensis’ of Sydney Grammar School (″Discarded”). Book stamp on half-title page. Ex-libris stamp on title page. Beautiful, tiny little bookshop-sign to endpapper: “Tyrrell’s Bookshop – 328 Pacific Highway, Crows Nest, Australia”.

147. Lloyd, A.B.

In Dwarf Land and Cannibal Country a Record of Travel and Discovery in Central Africa. 146 Illustrations and Maps.

Second Popular Impression (Limited to 1500 copies). London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1900. 15 cm x 21 cm. Frontispiece, XXIV, 385 pages. One fold-out map of Toro and Aruwimi districts within interior. Hardcover [publisher’s original red cloth] with gilt lettering on spine. Pictoral and lettering on front board. Good+ condition. Signs of external wear. Bumps to corners. Some staining to front board with small cloth tear evident also. Spine ends rubbed. Valley between front pastedown and endpaper slightly cracked. Binding overall a little shaky but still firm and strong. Roughness to cut edges. Slight tears at edge of fold-out map. Some untrimmed pages. Interior mostly bright and clean.

148. [Education of Sir Harry Luke] – [Lukach, Harry Charles / Sir Harry Luke].

[Eton] – “Rules of E.W.Stone’s, Esq., (Late Rev. Ford’s) – House Debating Society” – Founded, May 1900 – Revised, September 1902 / Founded: D.J.Cassavetti, President / B.H.Hartopp Nash, Secretary / H.C.Lukach, Treasurer / Revised, September 1902: H.C.Lukach, President / L. McCormick-Goodhart, Secretary.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Eton, Spottiswoode & Co., 1900 – 1902. Folio. 8 versions of Rules of Luke’s “House debating Society” From Sir Harry Luke’s personal Library.

149. [Pacific Content] – Luke, Harry Charles.

[Luke Pamphlets and Essays] Extremely interesting Sammelband with 18 items of which are: twelve (12) pamphlets [Omnibus-Letters] on the British Pacific Colonies including very rare, printed (!) personal and confidential situation-reports from Fiji (with at least one manuscript-annotation by Luke), together with five (5) essays and news paper-articles by Luke, hidden in a pocket to the rear of the Volume / Also loosely included one (1) pamphlet on Malta / Cyprus: “Discrittione delle cose di Cipro, con le ragioni in favore, o contra diverse openioni, et delle provisioni, che erano necessarie per quel Regno”. – See detailed list and some confidental content mentioned below.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. Fiji / Malta, Government Printing Office etc., 1932 – 1943. 26 cm x 17,5 cm Original Softcover pamphlets bound in red cloth. Harry Luke’s (Lukach) personal copy. Very good condition.

150. [Autobiography Cities and Men] – Luke, Harry Charles.

[Manuscript / Working-copy (with Luke’s Exlibris) of:] Uncorrected Proof Copy of Cities And Men: An Autobiography. Volume I: The First Thirty Years (1884-1914) / This is the ultimately corrected version of Volume I, with several manuscript annotations and corrections by Sir Harry Luke in ballpen and ink but mainly with the positioning of the maps by Luke in the chapters of Volume One (all maps are sellotaped by Luke within the correct text-positions: Map of Cyprus, Map of Southern Alaska, Map of Mt. Athos, Map of “The Author’s Journey in Palestine and Syria in 1908” as well the tipped-in business-card of Dr.Albert Nissim). The Proof -copy also comes with the printed and correctly published Volumes Two and Three from Luke’s Autobiography and Volume III has the rare original Bookplate of Luke verso the endpaper: Motto: “Spero Meliora – E Libris Harrici Caroli Luke”. Three volumes.

[This item is part of the Sir Harry Luke – Archive / Collection]. London, Geoffrey Bles, 1953 – 1956. 22 cm x 14 cm. Volume I (Proof Working-Copy): 245 pages / Volume II: 262 pages / Volume III: (with Luke’s Exlibris / Bookplate): 254 pages plus loosely inserted an original photographic postcard of the “Tablet Placed by the Malta Government in the Bondi Palace, Gozo, to Mark Its Restoration” (this image was printed on page 97 of Volume III of Luke’s Autobiography). Original Hardcover with original dustjacket in protective Mylar. Harry Luke’s (Lukach) personal copy. With annotations and markings by Harry Luke. Good condition with some minor signs of external wear.